The Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE), one of India’s oldest bourses, has announced its closure after 117 years of operation, marking the end of a significant era in the country’s financial history. Once a vibrant hub for regional trade and capital formation, the exchange faced prolonged decline due to dwindling trading volumes, regulatory pressures, and the dominance of larger national exchanges. Analysts suggest that the closure underscores the growing consolidation in India’s securities market, reflecting shifts toward electronic trading platforms and centralized liquidity.